Objective:
The combination of electromagnetic artillery guns with smart ammunition can provide long-range precision strikes, as well as increased air defence and anti-surface warfare capabilities. Such combination is expected to improve the effectiveness and the protection of future European land and naval systems. Electromagnetic guns might provide a drastic superiority over conventional guns due to its hypersonic muzzle velocities, while guided projectiles will provide higher accuracy and precision. This topic complements ongoing projects, in particular following the 2019 PADR call on emerging technologies for defence.
General objective
Long-range effects are a substantial contributor to capability priorities concerning sea surface superiority and ground combat capabilities to maintain indirect / over-the-horizon fire support over large distances for precision strikes against a brought spectrum of targets. Physical limits of existing artillery systems in highly agile symmetric warfare scenarios call for exploring radical game-changing concepts, that combine increased performance and safety on the battlefield and that cannot be achieved with conventional (chemical) propellants and launchers. These will allow European technology and industry to remain at the leading-edge, contributing to technological supremacy and European Strategic Autonomy in the defence sector.
Specific objective
Considering the requirements for enhanced precision and extended range of ammunition, while seeking affordable costs, Electromagnetic accelerators, or guns (EMG) represent a disruptive technology to launch projectiles over extremely long distance (> 200 km [1]) and muzzle velocities. Thus, an EMG system is a promising option to fill the gap between conventional artillery (cost effective but limited to 70 km [2] range) and missiles (long-range but expensive and therefore limited to high-level targets).
An EMG system consists of the three major components, the accelerator or electromagnetic gun itself, the conversion and storage unit, and the projectile. These components present different technology maturity levels and affect the total system efficiency. Two basic concepts have been investigated for military applications, the railgun (EMRG) and the coilgun [3] (EMCG).
In Europe, the technological maturity of the EMG systems system is currently located in the range between TRL 3 and TRL 4, which means that the experimental proof of concept is done and the technology is being validated in a laboratory environment.
Feeding the EMG with a large amount of energy in a very short time is a challenge. The electric pulsed power, that is needed to supply the EMG, requires storage space close to the gun barrel. Electrical storage is under the constraint of at least two parameters: the first parameter is the volume needed for the hardware (related to the energy density of the storage, that is to say, to the storage weight); the second parameter is the capability of the storage to deliver the energy in a very short duration.
The projectile and the electromagnetic launcher have to be co-developed. In the case that electronic parts and other electromagnetically sensitive parts has to be integrated into the projectile magnetic shielding has to be taken into account for the system-specific projectile design. EMG are most frequently working with square calibres. Rectangular or round calibres can also be used, which are more challenging because of the need for sabots or laborious constructive measures This means that a large variety of projectile shapes are possible and offer the opportunity to develop out-of-the-box aerodynamic concepts.
A large calibre weapon with an extremely high muzzle velocity, achieved by electromagnetic propulsion (hypervelocity regime), has major benefits like longer ranges and shorter time-to-target, compared to conventional artillery systems or missiles.
However, developing a large calibre electromagnetic gun is an ambitious goal that will require time to achieve. An intermediate step is required. Besides, considering the emergence of new air threats such as swarms of drones or hypersonic missiles, novel capabilities for air defence missions will be key assets. This is why a medium calibre electromagnetic gun that can be used for air defence and anti-surface warfare is seen as an important goal and also as a milestone in the global roadmap for the development of electromagnetic guns.
Taking into consideration that the electromagnetic gun will be integrated in a naval or land platform, the size and weight of the different components (e.g., components for conversion and storage of energy) are considered a challenge, which needs to be addressed.
Scope:Scope and types of activities
Scope
The objective of the topic is to solve the current technical challenges and increase the maturity of the critical components required to develop a medium calibre electromagnetic artillery system.
The focus is set on the following tasks:
The priority of this call is to work on the critical components and to make progress on their maturity (B and C), especially for the pulsed power supply.
The whole system development and demonstration (TRL > = 6) is beyond the scope of the current topic.
Types of activities
The following types of activities are eligible for this topic:
Types of activities (art 10(3) EDF Regulation) | Eligible? | |
(a) | Activities that aim to create, underpin and improve knowledge, products and technologies, including disruptive technologies, which can achieve significant effects in the area of defence (generating knowledge) | Yes (mandatory) |
(b) | Activities that aim to increase interoperability and resilience, including secured production and exchange of data, to master critical defence technologies, to strengthen the security of supply or to enable the effective exploitation of results for defence products and technologies (integrating knowledge) | Yes (mandatory) |
(c) | Studies, such as feasibility studies to explore the feasibility of new or upgraded products, technologies, processes, services and solutions | Yes (mandatory) |
(d) | Design of a defence product, tangible or intangible component or technology as well as the definition of the technical specifications on which such design has been developed, including partial tests for risk reduction in an industrial or representative environment | Yes (mandatory) |
(e) | System prototyping of a defence product, tangible or intangible component or technology (prototype) | No |
(f) | Testing of a defence product, tangible or intangible component or technology | No |
(g) | Qualification of a defence product, tangible or intangible component or technology | No |
(h) | Certification of a defence product, tangible or intangible component or technology | No |
(i) | Development of technologies or assets increasing efficiency across the life cycle of defence products and technologies | No |
The following tasks must be performed as part of the mandatory activities of the project:
Functional requirements
The proposals should meet the following functional requirements:
[1]According to the research activities conducted in the last years, EMRG artillery may achieve 200 km distance to target in the case of long-range naval applications.
[2]Artillery systems range is today of 40km up to 70km, in case of using precision guided munitions.
[3] sometimes also referred to as Gauss-gun.